Oman (
Arabic:
عمان
transliteration: ‘Umān), officially the
Sultanate of Oman (
Arabic:
سلطنة عُمان
transliteration:
Salṭanat ‘Umān), is an
Arab country in
southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the
Arabian Peninsula. It borders the
United Arab Emirates on the northwest,
Saudi Arabia on the west and
Yemen on the southwest. The coast is formed by the
Persian Sea on the south and east and the
Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The country also contains
Madha, an
exclave enclosed by the
United Arab Emirates, and
Musandam, an
exclave also separated by Emirati territory.From the 6th century BC to the arrival of
Islam in the 7th century AD, Oman was controlled and/or influenced by three Persian
dynasties, the
Achaemenids,
Parthians and
Sassanids. Achaemenids in the 6th century BC controlled and influenced the Oman peninsula. This was most likely exerted from a coastal center such as
Sohar. By about 250 B.C. the
Parthian dynasty brought the
Persian Gulf under their control and extended their influence as far as Oman. Because they needed to control the
Persian Gulf trade route, the
Parthians established garrisons in Oman. In the third century A.D. the
Sasanids succeeded the
Parthians and held the area until the rise of
Islam four centuries later.
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